| P- and S-wave tomographic measurements are conducted to determine the structure, the elastic properties and the stress state of the rock. Seismic tomography studies performed at the Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory, Sweden, as part of the ZEDEX project. P- and S-wave tomographic surveys were conducted at various times in the vicinity of ongoing tunnelling works to study the effects of excavation on the rock around the tunnel. The tomographic technique proved to be very stable, in spite of the low velocity contrast |
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| S-waves are often more sensitive to fracturing than P-waves. The differences between the P- and S-wave tomograms can be related to the fracture filling and to the level of saturation |
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